restapi（4）- rest-mongo : MongoDB数据库前端的httpserver
完成了一套标准的rest风格数据库CRUD操作httpserver后发现有许多不足。主要是为了追求“通用”两个字，想把所有服务接口做的更“范generic”些，结果反而限制了目标数据库的特点，最终产生了一套功能弱小的玩具。比如说吧：标准rest风格getbyId需要所有的数据表都具备id这个字段，有点傻。然后get返回的结果集又没有什么灵活的控制方法如返回数量、字段、排序等。特别对MongoDB这样的在查询操作方面接近关系式数据库的分布式数据库：上篇提到过，它的query能力强大，条件组合灵活，如果不能在网络服务api中体现出来就太可惜了。所以，这篇博文会讨论一套专门针对MongoDB的rest-server。我想达到的目的是：后台数据库是MongoDB，通过httpserver提供对MongoDB的CRUD操作，客户端通过http调用CRUD服务。后台开发对每一个数据库表单使用统一的标准增添一套新的CRUD服务。希望如此能够提高开发效率，减少代码出错机会。
MongoDB是一种文件类型数据库，数据格式更加多样化。在这次示范里希望能把MongoDB有特点的数据类型以及它们的处理方法都介绍了，包括：日期类型，二进制类型blob（图片）等。顺便提一下：普通大型文本文件也可以用二进制blob方式存入MongoDB，因为文件在http传输过程中必须以byte方式进行，所以后台httpserver接收的文件格式是一串byte，不用任何格式转换就可以直接存入MongoDB blob字段。客户端从后台下载时就需要把bytes转换成UTF8字符就可以恢复文件内容了。
首先，我们先从Model开始，在scala里用case class来表示。Model是MongoDB Document的对应。在scala编程里我们是用case class 当作Document来操作的。我们设计的Model都会继承一个ModelBase trait：
trait ModelBase[E] { def to: E } case class Person( userid: String = "", name: String = "", age: Option[Int] = None, dob: Option[MGODate] = None, //生日 address: Option[String] = None ) extends ModelBase[Document] { import org.mongodb.scala.bson._ override def to: Document = { var doc = Document( "userid" -> this.userid, "name" -> this.name) if (this.age != None) doc = doc + ("age" -> this.age.get) if (this.dob != None) doc = doc + ("dob" -> this.dob.get) if (this.address != None) doc = doc + ("address" -> this.address.getOrElse("")) doc } } object Person { val fromDocument: Document => Person = doc => { val keyset = doc.keySet Person( userid = doc.getString("userid"), name = doc.getString("name"), age = mgoGetIntOrNone(doc,"age").asInstanceOf[Option[Int]], dob = {if (keyset.contains("dob")) Some(doc.getDate("dob")) else None }, address = mgoGetStringOrNone(doc,"address") ) } }在上面例子里Person对应MongoDB里一个Document。除了注意对应类型属性与表字段类型外，还提供了to,fromDecument两个转换函数。其中to函数是继承ModelBase的，代表所有MongoDB Model都必须具备to这个函数。这点很重要，因为在从json构建成Model时，如果属于ModelBase则肯定可以调用一个to函数：
class MongoRoute[M <: ModelBase[Document]](val pathName: String)(repository: MongoRepo[M])( ... post { entity(as[String]) { json => val extractedEntity: M = fromJson[M](json) val doc: Document = extractedEntity.to val futmsg = repository.insert(doc).value.value.runToFuture.map { eoc => eoc match { case Right(oc) => oc match { case Some(c) => c.toString() case None => "insert may not complete!" } case Left(err) => err.getMessage } }注意这个extractedEntity：我们现在还不能确定它的具体类型，是Person,Animal,Machine? 但我们确定它是M类型，而M<:ModalBase[Document]，所以M是MongoDB Model。可以调用extractedEntity.to获取一个Document。
仔细看，Person里并不包括blob类型字段。因为到现在我还没有想到办法在一个httprequest里把多个字段和图片一次性发出来，必须分两个request才能完成一个Document的上传。httpserver收到两个requests后还要进行requests的匹配对应管理，十分的复杂。所以含blob类型的Document只能把blob分拆到另一个Document里，然后用这个Document唯一一个id字段来链接：
case class Photo ( id: String, photo: Option[MGOBlob] ) extends ModelBase[Document] { override def to: Document = { var doc = Document("id" -> this.id) if (photo != None) doc = doc + ("photo" -> this.photo) doc } } object Photo { def fromDocument: Document => Photo = doc => { val keyset = doc.keySet Photo( id = doc.getString("id"), photo = mgoGetBlobOrNone(doc, "photo") ) } }从另一个角度来讲，把blob和正常字段分开来存储也有一定的优势，最多也就是需要两次query罢了。
第二部分是repository：数据库操作函数：
class MongoRepo[R](db:String, coll: String, converter: Option[Document => R])(implicit client: MongoClient) { def getAll(next:Option[String],sort:Option[String],fields:Option[String],top:Option[Int]): DBOResult[Seq[R]] = { var res = Seq[ResultOptions]() next.foreach {b => res = res :+ ResultOptions(FOD_TYPE.FOD_FILTER,Some(Document(b)))} sort.foreach {b => res = res :+ ResultOptions(FOD_TYPE.FOD_SORT,Some(Document(b)))} fields.foreach {b => res = res :+ ResultOptions(FOD_TYPE.FOD_PROJECTION,Some(Document(b)))} top.foreach {b => res = res :+ ResultOptions(FOD_TYPE.FOD_LIMIT,None,b)} val ctxFind = MGOContext(dbName = db,collName=coll) .setActionType(MGO_ACTION_TYPE.MGO_QUERY) .setCommand(Find(andThen = res)) mgoQuery[Seq[R]](ctxFind,converter) } def query(filtr: Bson, next:Option[String],sort:Option[String],fields:Option[String],top:Option[Int]): DBOResult[Seq[R]] = { var res = Seq[ResultOptions]() next.foreach {b => res = res :+ ResultOptions(FOD_TYPE.FOD_FILTER,Some(Document(b)))} sort.foreach {b => res = res :+ ResultOptions(FOD_TYPE.FOD_SORT,Some(Document(b)))} fields.foreach {b => res = res :+ ResultOptions(FOD_TYPE.FOD_PROJECTION,Some(Document(b)))} top.foreach {b => res = res :+ ResultOptions(FOD_TYPE.FOD_LIMIT,None,b)} val ctxFind = MGOContext(dbName = db,collName=coll) .setActionType(MGO_ACTION_TYPE.MGO_QUERY) .setCommand(Find(filter = Some(filtr),andThen = res)) mgoQuery[Seq[R]](ctxFind,converter) } def getOneDocument(filtr: Bson): DBOResult[Document] = { val ctxFind = MGOContext(dbName = db,collName=coll) .setActionType(MGO_ACTION_TYPE.MGO_QUERY) .setCommand(Find(filter = Some(filtr),firstOnly = true)) mgoQuery[Document](ctxFind,converter) } def insert(doc: Document): DBOResult[Completed] = { val ctxInsert = MGOContext(dbName = db,collName=coll) .setActionType(MGO_ACTION_TYPE.MGO_UPDATE) .setCommand(Insert(Seq(doc))) mgoUpdate[Completed](ctxInsert) } def delete(filter: Bson): DBOResult[DeleteResult] = { val ctxDelete = MGOContext(dbName = db,collName=coll) .setActionType(MGO_ACTION_TYPE.MGO_UPDATE) .setCommand(Delete(filter)) mgoUpdate[DeleteResult](ctxDelete) } def update(filter: Bson, update: Bson, many: Boolean): DBOResult[UpdateResult] = { val ctxUpdate = MGOContext(dbName = db,collName=coll) .setActionType(MGO_ACTION_TYPE.MGO_UPDATE) .setCommand(Update(filter,update,None,!many)) mgoUpdate[UpdateResult](ctxUpdate) } def replace(filter: Bson, row: Document): DBOResult[UpdateResult] = { val ctxUpdate = MGOContext(dbName = db,collName=coll) .setActionType(MGO_ACTION_TYPE.MGO_UPDATE) .setCommand(Replace(filter,row)) mgoUpdate[UpdateResult](ctxUpdate) } }这部分上篇博文讨论过。最后是akka-http的核心部分：Route。MongoDB CRUD服务对外的api：
(get & parameters('filter.?,'fields.?,'sort.?,'top.as[Int].?,'next.?)) { (filter,fields,sort,top,next) => { dbor = { filter match { case Some(fltr) => repository.query(Document(fltr),next,sort,fields,top) case None => repository.getAll(next,sort,fields,top) } } val futRows = dbor.value.value.runToFuture.map { eolr => eolr match { case Right(olr) => olr match { case Some(lr) => lr case None => Seq[M]() } case Left(_) => Seq[M]() } } complete(futureToJson(futRows)) } } ~ post { entity(as[String]) { json => val extractedEntity: M = fromJson[M](json) val doc: Document = extractedEntity.to val futmsg = repository.insert(doc).value.value.runToFuture.map { eoc => eoc match { case Right(oc) => oc match { case Some(c) => c.toString() case None => "insert may not complete!" } case Left(err) => err.getMessage } } complete(futmsg) } } ~ (put & parameter('filter,'set.?, 'many.as[Boolean].?)) { (filter, set, many) => val bson = Document(filter) if (set == None) { entity(as[String]) { json => val extractedEntity: M = fromJson[M](json) val doc: Document = extractedEntity.to val futmsg = repository.replace(bson, doc).value.value.runToFuture.map { eoc => eoc match { case Right(oc) => oc match { case Some(d) => s"${d.getMatchedCount} matched rows, ${d.getModifiedCount} rows updated." case None => "update may not complete!" } case Left(err) => err.getMessage } } complete(futureToJson(futmsg)) } } else { set match { case Some(u) => val ubson = Document(u) dbou = repository.update(bson, ubson, many.getOrElse(true)) case None => dbou = Left(new IllegalArgumentException("missing set statement for update!")) } val futmsg = dbou.value.value.runToFuture.map { eoc => eoc match { case Right(oc) => oc match { case Some(d) => s"${d.getMatchedCount} matched rows, ${d.getModifiedCount} rows updated." case None => "update may not complete!" } case Left(err) => err.getMessage } } complete(futureToJson(futmsg)) } } ~ (delete & parameters('filter, 'many.as[Boolean].?)) { (filter,many) => val bson = Document(filter) val futmsg = repository.delete(bson).value.value.runToFuture.map { eoc => eoc match { case Right(oc) => oc match { case Some(d) => s"${d.getDeletedCount} rows deleted." case None => "delete may not complete!" } case Left(err) => err.getMessage } } complete(futureToJson(futmsg)) } }与上篇最大的区别就是这次的Route支持MongoDB特性的query string，bson类型的参数。如：
http://192.168.0.189:50081/private/crud/person http://192.168.0.189:50081/private/crud/person?filter={"userid":"c001"} http://192.168.0.189:50081/private/crud/person?sort={"userid":-1} http://192.168.0.189:50081/private/crud/person?filter={"userid":{$gt:"c000"}}&sort={"userid":-1}&top=3
可惜的是bson表达式中有些字符是url禁止的，所以必须预先处理一下。可以用公网的UrlEncoder在线转换：
https://www.url-encoder.com {“userid”:”c001″} -> %7B%22userid%22%3A%22c001%22%7D
在程序里可以用软件工具：”com.github.tasubo” % “jurl-tools” % “0.6” URLEncode.encode(xyz)
val sort = """ |{userid:-1} """.stripMargin val getAllRequest = HttpRequest( HttpMethods.GET, uri = "http://192.168.0.189:50081/public/crud/person?sort="+URLEncode.encode(sort), ).addHeader(authentication)blob服务的api Route：
pathPrefix("blob") { (get & path(Remaining)) { id => val filtr = equal("id", id) val futOptPic: CancelableFuture[Option[MGOBlob]] = repository.getOneDocument(filtr).value.value.runToFuture.map { eodoc => eodoc match { case Right(odoc) => odoc match { case Some(doc) => if (doc == null) None else mgoGetBlobOrNone(doc, "photo") case None => None } case Left(_) => None } } onComplete(futOptPic) { case Success(optBlob) => optBlob match { case Some(blob) => withoutSizeLimit { encodeResponseWith(Gzip) { complete( HttpEntity( ContentTypes.`application/octet-stream`, ByteArrayToSource(blob.getData)) ) } } case None => complete(StatusCodes.NotFound) } case Failure(err) => complete(err) } } ~ (post & parameter('id)) { id => withoutSizeLimit { decodeRequest { extractDataBytes { bytes => val fut = bytes.runFold(ByteString()) { case (hd, bs) => hd ++ bs } onComplete(fut) { case Success(b) => val doc = Document("id" -> id, "photo" -> b.toArray) val futmsg = repository.insert(doc).value.value.runToFuture.map { eoc => eoc match { case Right(oc) => oc match { case Some(c) => c.toString() case None => "insert may not complete!" } case Left(err) => err.getMessage } } complete(futmsg) case Failure(err) => complete(err) } } } } } }
注意：MongoRoute[M]是个范类型。我希望对任何Model的Route只需要指定M即可，如：
implicit val personDao = new MongoRepo[Person]("testdb","person", Some(Person.fromDocument)) implicit val picDao = new MongoRepo[Photo]("testdb","photo", None) ... pathPrefix("public") { (pathPrefix("crud")) { new MongoRoute[Person]("person")(personDao) .route ~ new MongoRoute[Photo]("photo")(picDao) .route } }是否省力多了？但是，回到原来问题：blob类型在整个移动过程中都不需要进行格式转换。所以id字段名称是指定的，这点在设计表结构时要注意。
如何测试一个httpserver还是比较头痛的。用浏览器只能测试GET，其它POST,PUT,DELETE应该怎么测试？其实可以用curl：
curl -i -X GET http://rest-api.io/items curl -i -X GET http://rest-api.io/items/5069b47aa892630aae059584 curl -i -X DELETE http://rest-api.io/items/5069b47aa892630aae059584 curl -i -X POST -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d '{"name": "New item", "year": "2009"}' http://rest-api.io/items curl -i -X PUT -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d '{"name": "Updated item", "year": "2010"}' http://rest-api.io/items/5069b47aa892630aae059584
下面写两个客户端分别测试crud和blob：
TestCrudClient.scala
import akka.actor._ import akka.http.scaladsl.model.headers._ import scala.concurrent._ import scala.concurrent.duration._ import akka.http.scaladsl.Http import akka.http.scaladsl.marshalling._ import akka.http.scaladsl.model._ import akka.stream.ActorMaterializer import com.github.tasubo.jurl.URLEncode import com.datatech.rest.mongo.MongoModels.Person import de.heikoseeberger.akkahttpjson4s.Json4sSupport import org.json4s.jackson import com.datatech.sdp.mongo.engine.MGOClasses._ trait JsonCodec extends Json4sSupport { import org.json4s.DefaultFormats import org.json4s.ext.JodaTimeSerializers implicit val serilizer = jackson.Serialization implicit val formats = DefaultFormats ++ JodaTimeSerializers.all } object JsConverters extends JsonCodec object TestCrudClient { type UserInfo = Map[String,Any] def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = { import JsConverters._ implicit val system = ActorSystem() implicit val materializer = ActorMaterializer() // needed for the future flatMap/onComplete in the end implicit val executionContext = system.dispatcher val authorization = headers.Authorization(BasicHttpCredentials("johnny", "p4ssw0rd")) val authRequest = HttpRequest( HttpMethods.POST, uri = "http://192.168.0.189:50081/auth", headers = List(authorization) ) val futToken: Future[HttpResponse] = Http().singleRequest(authRequest) val respToken = for { resp <- futToken jstr <- resp.entity.dataBytes.runFold("") {(s,b) => s + b.utf8String} } yield jstr val jstr = Await.result[String](respToken,2 seconds) println(jstr) scala.io.StdIn.readLine() val authentication = headers.Authorization(OAuth2BearerToken(jstr)) val sort = """ |{userid:-1} """.stripMargin val getAllRequest = HttpRequest( HttpMethods.GET, uri = "http://192.168.0.189:50081/public/crud/person?sort="+URLEncode.encode(sort), ).addHeader(authentication) val futGetAll: Future[HttpResponse] = Http().singleRequest(getAllRequest) println(Await.result(futGetAll,2 seconds)) scala.io.StdIn.readLine() var bf = """ |{"userid":"c888"} """.stripMargin println(URLEncode.encode(bf)) val delRequest = HttpRequest( HttpMethods.DELETE, uri = "http://192.168.0.189:50081/public/crud/person?filter="+URLEncode.encode(bf) ).addHeader(authentication) val futDel: Future[HttpResponse] = Http().singleRequest(delRequest) println(Await.result(futDel,2 seconds)) scala.io.StdIn.readLine() bf = """ |{"userid":"c001"} """.stripMargin val getRequest = HttpRequest( HttpMethods.GET, uri = "http://192.168.0.189:50081/public/crud/person?filter="+URLEncode.encode(bf), ).addHeader(authentication) val futGet: Future[HttpResponse] = Http().singleRequest(getRequest) println(Await.result(futGet,2 seconds)) scala.io.StdIn.readLine() val tiger = Person("c001","tiger chan",Some(56)) val john = Person("c002", "johnny dep", Some(60)) val peter = Person("c003", "pete brad", Some(58)) val susan = Person("c004", "susan boyr", Some(68),Some(mgoDate(1950,11,5)) ) val ns = Person("c004", "susan boyr", Some(68),Some(mgoDate(1950,11,5)) ) val saveRequest = HttpRequest( HttpMethods.POST, uri = "http://192.168.0.189:50081/public/crud/person" ).addHeader(authentication) val futPost: Future[HttpResponse] = for { reqEntity <- Marshal(peter).to[RequestEntity] response <- Http().singleRequest(saveRequest.copy(entity=reqEntity)) } yield response println(Await.result(futPost,2 seconds)) scala.io.StdIn.readLine() var set = """ | {$set: | { | name:"tiger the king", | age:18 | } | } """.stripMargin val updateRequest = HttpRequest( HttpMethods.PUT, uri = "http://192.168.0.189:50081/public/crud/person?filter="+URLEncode.encode( bf)+"&set="+URLEncode.encode(set)+"&many=true" ).addHeader(authentication) val futUpdate: Future[HttpResponse] = Http().singleRequest(updateRequest) println(Await.result(futUpdate,2 seconds)) scala.io.StdIn.readLine() val repRequest = HttpRequest( HttpMethods.PUT, uri = "http://192.168.0.189:50081/public/crud/person?filter="+URLEncode.encode(bf) ).addHeader(authentication) val futReplace: Future[HttpResponse] = for { reqEntity <- Marshal(susan).to[RequestEntity] response <- Http().singleRequest(updateRequest.copy(entity=reqEntity)) } yield response println(Await.result(futReplace,2 seconds)) scala.io.StdIn.readLine() system.terminate() } }
TestFileClient.scala
import akka.stream._ import java.nio.file._ import java.io._ import akka.http.scaladsl.model.headers._ import scala.concurrent._ import com.datatech.rest.mongo.FileStreaming._ import scala.concurrent.duration._ import akka.actor.ActorSystem import akka.http.scaladsl.marshalling.Marshal import akka.http.scaladsl.model._ import akka.http.scaladsl.Http import akka.stream.scaladsl.{FileIO, Source} import scala.util._ case class FileUtil(implicit sys: ActorSystem) { import sys.dispatcher implicit val mat = ActorMaterializer() def createEntity(file: File): RequestEntity = { require(file.exists()) val formData = Multipart.FormData( Source.single( Multipart.FormData.BodyPart( "test", HttpEntity(MediaTypes.`application/octet-stream`, file.length(), FileIO.fromPath(file.toPath, chunkSize = 100000)), // the chunk size here is currently critical for performance Map("filename" -> file.getName)))) Await.result(Marshal(formData).to[RequestEntity], 3 seconds) } def uploadFile(request: HttpRequest, dataEntity: RequestEntity) = { implicit val mat = ActorMaterializer() import sys.dispatcher val futResp = Http(sys).singleRequest( // Gzip.encodeMessage( request.copy(entity = dataEntity) //.addHeader(`Content-Encoding`(HttpEncodings.gzip)) // ) ) futResp .andThen { case Success([email protected](StatusCodes.OK, _, entity, _)) => entity.dataBytes.map(_.utf8String).runForeach(println) case Success([email protected](code, _, _, _)) => println(s"Upload request failed, response code: $code") r.discardEntityBytes() case Success(_) => println("Unable to Upload file!") case Failure(err) => println(s"Upload failed: ${err.getMessage}") } } def downloadFileTo(request: HttpRequest, destPath: String) = { // val req = request.addHeader(`Content-Encoding`(HttpEncodings.gzip)) val futResp = Http(sys).singleRequest(request) //.map(Gzip.decodeMessage(_)) futResp .andThen { case Success([email protected](StatusCodes.OK, _, entity, _)) => entity.withoutSizeLimit().dataBytes.runWith(FileIO.toPath(Paths.get(destPath))) .onComplete { case _ => println(s"Download file saved to: $destPath") } case Success([email protected]e(code, _, _, _)) => println(s"Download request failed, response code: $code") r.discardEntityBytes() case Success(_) => println("Unable to download file!") case Failure(err) => println(s"Download failed: ${err.getMessage}") } } } object TestFileClient { type UserInfo = Map[String,Any] def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = { implicit val system = ActorSystem() implicit val materializer = ActorMaterializer() // needed for the future flatMap/onComplete in the end implicit val executionContext = system.dispatcher val helloRequest = HttpRequest(uri = "http://192.168.0.189:50081/") val authorization = headers.Authorization(BasicHttpCredentials("johnny", "p4ssw0rd")) val authRequest = HttpRequest( HttpMethods.POST, uri = "http://192.168.0.189:50081/auth", headers = List(authorization) ) val futToken: Future[HttpResponse] = Http().singleRequest(authRequest) val respToken = for { resp <- futToken jstr <- resp.entity.dataBytes.runFold("") {(s,b) => s + b.utf8String} } yield jstr val jstr = Await.result[String](respToken,2 seconds) println(jstr) scala.io.StdIn.readLine() val authentication = headers.Authorization(OAuth2BearerToken(jstr)) val entity = HttpEntity( ContentTypes.`application/octet-stream`, fileStreamSource("/Users/tiger/pictures/MeTiger.png",1024) ) // val chunked = HttpEntity.Chunked.fromData( ContentTypes.`application/octet-stream`, fileStreamSource("/Users/tiger/pictures/MeTiger.png",1024) ) val uploadRequest = HttpRequest( HttpMethods.POST, // uri = "http://192.168.0.189:50081/private/file?filename=tiger.jpg", uri = "http://192.168.0.189:50081/public/crud/photo/blob?id=tiger.jpg", ).addHeader(authentication) //upload file Await.ready(FileUtil().uploadFile(uploadRequest,entity),2 seconds) //Await.ready(FileUtil().uploadFile(uploadRequest,chunked),2 seconds) val dlRequest = HttpRequest( HttpMethods.GET, // uri = "http://192.168.0.189:50081/api/file/mypic.jpg", uri = "http://192.168.0.189:50081/public/crud/photo/blob/tiger.jpg", ).addHeader(authentication) FileUtil().downloadFileTo(dlRequest, "/users/tiger-macpro/cert3/mypic.jpg") scala.io.StdIn.readLine() system.terminate() } }
下面是本次示范中的源代码：
build.sbt
name := "rest-mongo" version := "0.1" scalaVersion := "2.12.8" scalacOptions += "-Ypartial-unification" val akkaVersion = "2.5.23" val akkaHttpVersion = "10.1.8" libraryDependencies ++= Seq( "com.typesafe.akka" %% "akka-http" % "10.1.8", "com.typesafe.akka" %% "akka-stream" % "2.5.23", "com.pauldijou" %% "jwt-core" % "3.0.1", "de.heikoseeberger" %% "akka-http-json4s" % "1.22.0", "org.json4s" %% "json4s-native" % "3.6.1", "com.typesafe.akka" %% "akka-http-spray-json" % "10.1.8", "com.typesafe.scala-logging" %% "scala-logging" % "3.9.0", "org.slf4j" % "slf4j-simple" % "1.7.25", "org.json4s" %% "json4s-jackson" % "3.6.7", "org.json4s" %% "json4s-ext" % "3.6.7", // for scalikejdbc "org.scalikejdbc" %% "scalikejdbc" % "3.2.1", "org.scalikejdbc" %% "scalikejdbc-test
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