英语教学：定语从句

　　一、课堂导入

　　教师读句子，让学生听并复述

　　1. she is the girl who has blue eyes.

　　2. I love this English teacher whose eyes are blue.

　　3. A telephone is an invention which can help people talk to friends, share photos, ideas and feeling freely.

　　4. I like this person that has 3 story books

　　5. This is the office where he worked.

　　6. I don’t know the reason why he came so late.

　　二、复习预习

　　教师引导学生复习上节课所学的反意疑问句，包括反意疑问句的形式，祈使句的反意疑问句，there be句型的反意疑问句等， （以提问、回顾的形式进行），针对上节课的作业进行讲评、订正、答疑，并通过对反意疑问句具体用法的分析和扩展导入本节课所要学习的定语从句。

　　三、知识讲解

　　知识点1：定语从句的概念和先行词

　　1. 【考查点】在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。（而在一个句子中充当整个句子的宾语的句子叫做宾语从句）

　　如：I love this English teacher whose eyes are blue. (定语从句)

　　我爱眼睛是蓝色的这位英语老师

　　I don’t know (宾语从句)

　　我不知道你怎样才能到达那个公园。

　　2. 【考查点】被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。

　　如：A friend is someone who says, "What! You too? I thought I was the only one!”

　　A Wechat (微信) is an invention which can help people talk to friends, share photos, ideas and feeling freely.

　　知识点2：定语的关系词~关系代词

　　1.【考查点】既能指物也能指人的关系代词 that，whose。

　　如： ① I like this person that has 3 story books. (先行词是人person)

　　②先行词是物book)

　　①（先行词是teacher）

　　②先行词是dog)

　　2、【考查点】只能用来指代人的关系词who, whom.

　　如：Is he the man who wants to see you?

　　He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.

　　3、【考查点】只能指代物的关系词which。

　　如：A prosperity which had never been seen before appears in the countryside.

　　4、【考查点】关系词在句子中充当的成分。

　　如：1、（who/that在从句中作主语）

　　他就是你想见的人吗？

　　2、他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）

　　3、作宾语） which / that在句中（

　　农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。

　　4、（(只用作定语)

　　那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。

　　（注：当上题先行词指物时它还可以同of which互换）

　　如：Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.

　　请递给我那本绿皮的书

　　知识点3：关系副词引导的定语从句

　　关系副词when, where, why可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。

　　【考查点】关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用。

　　如： There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.

　　任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。

　　Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.

　　北京是我的出生地。

　　Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?

　　这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？

　　知识点4：关系词的选择取决于从句中的谓语动词

　　1.【考查点】 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。

　　如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.

　　四、例题精析

　　【例题1】

　　【题干】Nearly all the streets are in straight lines, ________ from east to west. Those ________ run from north to south are called avenues.

　　A. running; that B. run; who C. running; who D. run; that

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】： 主语与run(延伸)是主动关系，所以用现在分词。Those指街道，所以不用

　　来引导定语从句。 who而用that

　　【题干】Is this research center ________ you visited the modern equipment last year?

　　A. where B. that C. the one that D. the one where

　　【答案】：D

　　【解析】：将疑问句改为陈述句：this research center is…显然缺少先行词，必须加上代词the one来作先行词，又因定语从句不缺主语或宾语，所以用关系副词where。假若在this后加the，就选where，请想想这是为什么。

　　【题 干】

　　The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point ________ he can walk correctly and safely.

　　A. when B. where C. which D. whose

　　【答案】：B

　　【解析】 因为表示“阶段、程度、地步”的the point在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用语从句。 where引导定

　　【题干】

　　—How did you get in touch with the travel agent, Robin?

　　—Oh, that’s easy. I surfed the Internet and then called one ________ the telephone number is provided

　　A. which B. in which C. of which D. whose

　　【答案】：C 【解析】：因为of which引导定语从句，并在从句中作定语。of which the telephone number = whose telephone number。

　　五、课堂运用

　　【基础】

　　1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.

　　A. Which B. where

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】：which用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。C. what D. in which

　　2.Do you know the man _______?

　　A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke

　　【答案】C.

　　【解析】"和谁讲话”要说speak to sb. 本题全句应为Do you know the man whom I spoke to.。whom是关系代词，作介词to的宾语，可以省略。

　　3.This is the hotel _______last month.

　　A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed

　　C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed

　　【答案】

　　【解析】是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。 D. where

　　4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded?

　　A. which B. that C. when D. on which

　　【答案】. C.

　　【解析】

　　是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。 when

　　【巩固】

　　5.That is the day ______I'll never forget.

　　A. which B. on which C. in which D. when

　　【答案】A.

　　【解析】 which是关系代词，在从句中作forget的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。

　　6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.

　　A. where B. to which C. which D. in which

　　【答案】C.

　　【解析】which是关系代词，在从句中作visit的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。

　　7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working.

　　A. where B. that C. which D. there

　　【答案】 A.

　　【解析】where是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。

　　【拔高】

　　8.This is one of the best films _______.

　　A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown

　　C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked

　　【答案】A.

　　【解析】本句话的先行词应该是films,因此，关系代词that是负数概念，其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态have been shown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠词the，则the one应该视为先行词。

　　9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day?

　　A. about which you talked B. which you talked

　　C. about that you talked D. that you talked

　　【答案】A.

　　【解析】“谈到某事物”应说talk about sth.。about是介词，其后要用which作宾语，不能用that。

　　10.The pen ______he is writing is mine.

　　A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which

　　【答案】 A.

　　【解析】with which是"介词+关系代词"结构,常用来引导定语从句.with有"用"的意思,介词之后只能用which,不能用that. with which在定语从句中作状语,即he is writing with a pen.